Mr. Yon Fernandez de Larrinoa Head, Indigenous Division, UN FAO, Rome	Mr. Phoolman Chaudhry Representative, UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues UNPFII
Ms. Maria Paola Rizzo Land Tenure Division, UN FAO, Rome	Ms. Carla Garcia Zendejas Director, People Land & Resources, CIEL, USA
Mr. Ramesh Sharma  Ekta Parisad

The establishment of land governance regulating access to, use of and control over land responsibly
to the equal benefit of all plays a key role in the realization of human rights as well as in the
achievement of key development objectives. The enjoyment and regulation of land tenure rights and
the realization of human rights are closely interwoven.
Land governance contributes to the achievement of the following development objectives: poverty
reduction, food security, gender equality, economic development, sustainable infrastructure,
balanced territorial development, sustainable cities and communities (including adequate housing),
responsible consumption and production, climate change mitigation and adaptation, environmental
protection, resilience, post-disaster/post-conflict redevelopment as well as social stability, peace and
security.
The following frameworks have been identified as the most relevant key international frameworks
for land issues:
 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG)
 The Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and
Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT)
 The New Urban Agenda (NUA)
 The Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa (F&G)
 The Guiding Principles on Large-Scale Land-Based Investment in Africa (LSLBI Principles)

Other recent important frameworks are: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Pinheiro
Principles, Sendai Framework, COP 21 Paris Agreement, and Aichi Biodiversity Framework. (Long)
before these frameworks were established, a broad range of international instruments and
resolutions – voluntarily as well as binding – had been negotiated focusing on specific aspects of land
governance, their provisions being still relevant for today’s interventions in the land sector and some
of them receiving additional/new support through the new development agenda.
This is high time to understand the potential scope of these international frameworks and configure
the laws & policies accordingly. Let us initiate a meaningful discussion around broad spectrum
international frameworks and mechanisms which ultimately helpful towards securing land &
livelihood rights to the marginalised communities.

Serene Ho  RMIT	Kerstin Sommer UN Habitat
Michael Ayebazibwe  Executive Director, ACTogether, Uganda

Many urban slum formalization projects in the Global South are implemented based on the proposition that private ownership of land allows individuals to gain access to official sources of benefit, credit, and collateral for loans to accomplish desirable outcomes. However, these projects that pursue land registration and titling do not truly address the challenges faced by the slum dwellers, nor grapple with the fact that many countries and communities in the Global South are likely to be practicing some kind of communal tenure, or have pre-existing formal tenures (i.e., are being re-formalised). Hence, there is a need to pause and critically reflect on whether these projects meet the needs of governments, businesses, and communities and deliver intended present and future benefits in rapidly developing cities of the Global South. Some of the areas that will be discussed include but are not limited to:

• Data provenance and data governance
• Urban land use dynamics and land systems/capabilities
• Social outcomes (e.g.gender inclusion, participation, housing, land markets, etc)

The session contributes to global debates on the in/formal binary in urban land contexts, centering experiences from the global south. 

South Asia’s recent agricultural transitions are unprecedented – they are not only influenced by market but also triggered by climate change and very recently by COVID 19 pandemic. Market forces are increasingly influencing the nature of farming through their expanding grip over research, extension, and technology. Starting from the choice of crops to level of diversification, to type of inputs use and intensity of mechanisation, all are now market influenced. Market forces are also determining the type of farmer – who can continue to farm, remain viable, adaptive, and resilient– through defining the scale, efficiency, surplus and access to financial services, which are the new policy and investment drivers. Identity and hierarchy of farmers are also dictated by land administration policy of the government making record of land ownership/tenancy, an eligibility criteria to be farmer and to get access to public services, entitlement as well as formal finance, market, and compensation. Climate change has also given rise to vector borne diseases resulting in new and increased viral loads causing new epidemics and pandemics. Smallholders, especially women, tenants and other vulnerable section of the communities are the most vulnerable to the climate change and pandemics – given their blurred identity as farmers and low capacity to bear the shock or come out of the stress. Market influences, together with climate change and pandemics, have started significantly impacting the way agriculture is being practiced by the dominant smallholder farmers – more particularly the women and tenant farmers, those with limited access to and control over land. 

On one hand they are constrained to access formal finance, technology, subsidies, and direct benefit transfers, available to land holder farmers, reducing their competitive advantage as producer in the market while increasing their vulnerability to the risks due to climate change and pandemics. On the other, these forces are also directly fast changing the agriculture practices by changing farming practices (viz. use of livestock), cropping patterns (viz. high value crops), input use (viz. high external input agriculture), farm environment (viz. protected cultivation) and farming knowledge (viz fast changing & externally sourced). In the process they are taking farming control out of farmers. These have significant impact on small farmers’ food and nutritional security, livelihood opportunities and resilience capacities. 

Caritas Organizations are working in South Asia with smallholder famers in building resilience to climate change and food security. SAFBIN, as a regional program, working with small farmers especially women in four South Asian countries to promote land tenure security, agroecological practices, collectivization, farmer-led research, and partnerships to ensure food and nutritional security, farm income enhancement and resilience. In this proposed session at ILDC2022, CARITAS INDIA SAFBIN propose to discuss how these transitions are impacting small farmers and within them how differently the landowners, women and tenants in these countries and how are they adapting to these transitions.

M. Mercedes Stickler Senior Land Administration Specialist – Africa World Bank	Ms. Pinaki Halder National Director of Programs ‑ India Landesa
Ms. Nilam Patel WGWLO	Ms. Sailabala Panda, PRADAN
Ms. Shivani Gupta Co-CEO, Womanity Foundation	Dr. Wytske Chamberlain  Van der Werf LAND-at-scale , Utrecht University

The session aims to bring together WLR investors and actors to discuss cross-cutting impact pathways of WLR and seeks to examine if documenting/adding women’s name in land records is a means or remains as an end in land formalisation or WLR initiatives viz. legislation or projects. While the goal of enhancing WLR usually aims towards achieving larger gender goals such as improved land tenure security among women, economic empowerment of women, reduction in domestic violence, improved dignity of women farmers, better food security and nutrition outcomes etc., many interventions seem to end with giving women a land record, without monitoring if that led to these ends. Drawing from experiences of global south, the panellists in the session will share their experiences and perspectives to analyse the WLR pathways in the lens of impacts.

Ms. Renato Cymbalista Brazil	Mr. Sanjay Kumar  IAS
Mr. Sanjoy Chakraborty  Temple University, US	Prof Ramya Ramanath Associate Prof. & Chair, International Public Service, DePaul University
Mr. Partha Mukhopadhyay  CPR New Delhi	Mr. Manikandan KP Institution Builder, IHF

This session focusses on deliberating on elementary, albeit necessary questions about the urban land markets in the Global South. Case studies from India and Brazil will be presented to explore how the term urban land market is understood in practice and how it unfolds against the backdrop of a vastly informal urban labor market. In Indian cities as much as 80 percent of the working population is employed in the unorganized sector, and they in turn mostly access housing and land through informal means. This session focuses on understanding, how the informal labour market shapes the land and housing market, how does such land/property markets operate? What are the institutions / agencies that steer and are engaged in the transactions in such markets and to what effect?

Globally, only about 30 percent of the land have de jure land titles (source?). The tenure issues are highly complex in the cities of the global South, especially so because of the absence of robust land registration, administration and management systems. In the near absence of any statutory spatial plans, the cities are mostly shaped by the claims made through de facto rights or by user rights and not so much by de jure rights. There are contestations among the uses allocated to a single piece of land and these are constantly negotiated reflecting societal power structures. In such a scenario, how does the land market function and what is the role of the public institutions in steering such markets?

The subject on urban land is vast and can be unpacked using a variety of lenses. In this session, the discussion focuses on the following specific questions:

• How do the urban poor access land in cities? 
• Who are the various stakeholders /agencies they engage with?
• Is it possible to accord social function to urban land when this is also a major source of speculative investments?  

Objectives of this session are to:

• Understand the term urban land market in India / global South  
• Present who supplies the urban poor with land in the sub-national level in India/ Brazil 
• Present the idea of non-speculative land market.    

Mr. Chandan Kumar Jha  FABLE, IIM Ahmedabad	Mr. Westen A.C.M. Van Guus, Utrecht University
Ms. Vartika Singh  FABLE, IIM Ahmedabad and IFPRI	Ms. Prantika Das, FABLE, IIM Ahmedabad and IFPRI
Mr. M Prabhakara NICRA ICAR-CRIDA

Four of the five focus areas at the COP27 climate talks are linked to the global food system. The unified agriculture, food and land use sector – together called AFOLU – alone accounts for 21-37% of greenhouse gases emitted by human activities worldwide. This shouldn’t be surprising: traditional agricultural practices that power the global food system, including logistics and transport, have a large carbon footprint. But as climate commitments gather momentum, we can’t afford to lessen our focus on the world’s hunger crisis either – exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, war and inflation. In this context, a food-systems approach is critical for addressing the climate crisis, such that the world is on track to achieving both net-zero and zero hunger within this century. In this session researchers share recent findings from food system modelling work under Food Agriculture Biodiversity Land use (FABLE) Pathways, Food System Economic Commission’s (FSEC) India Case Study and the development of Sub-National Decision-Making Tool in collaboration with the Environmental Defense Fund. The session ends with insights about the role of land use change and land rights in food systems transformation.